經驗是非常珍貴的 [2009-03-15]

2009-03-15

經驗是非常珍貴的

「經驗，尤其是親身的經驗，是非常珍貴的；這也就是為什麼我們要為後代的子孫保存我們，用自己的時間和生命，所學會的一些既重要又珍貴的點點滴滴。」

湯偉晉 親手寫於 西元 2009-03-15


「凡事豈能盡如人意，但求無愧我心。」

羅積康 學長 在 [師大附中] 的導師，盧毓正 先生，送給他們班上所有同學的臨別贈言。

巴菲特的生活哲學 ~ share with my dear friends; From: Jennifer Wang [2010-12-29]

From: Jennifer Wang

Date: 2010/12/29

Subject: 巴菲特的生活哲學 ~ share with my dear friends

Depletion of glutathione attenuates response of bone marrow stem cells to stromal cell-derived factor -1 [2007](IR93)

Depletion (耗盡) of glutathione (穀胱甘肽) attenuates (減弱) response (反應) of bone marrow stem cells (骨髓幹細胞) to stromal cell (基質細胞)-derived factor -1 [2007](IR93)

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(Memo Item created on December 25, 2010 11:26 PM)
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Depletion of glutathione attenuates response of bone marrow stem cells to stromal cell-derived factor -1

http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/meeting_abstract/21/6/A737-b
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FASEB J.
April 2007
21 (Meeting Abstract Supplement) A737

(The FASEB Journal. 2007;21:702.12)
© 2007 FASEB
702.12
Depletion of glutathione attenuates response of bone marrow stem cells to stromal cell-derived factor -1
Smita Swaminathan Iyer1, Jianguo Xu2, Dean P Jones2, Kenneth Brigham2 and Mauricio Rojas2
1 Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Emory University, 615,Michael Street, 215 Whitehead Bldg, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322,
2 Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 615,Michael Street, 205,Whitehead Bldg, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322

ABSTRACT

In adult organisms, stem cells, found primarily in the bone marrow and in low numbers in other organs, are mobilized to (被調動到) the injured tissue (受傷的組織) where they participate (參與) in the repair process (修復的過程). Stromal cell-derived factor -1a (SDF-1a) is critical for stem cell trafficking (幹細胞之輸送) during injury (損傷, 受傷). Very little is known about how nutrition affects this process. Our objectives were to determine how Glutathione (GSH) depletion, observed with aging and in numerous chronic disease states, affects the functional response of bone marrow cells to SDF-1a.

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) from 8 week old C57BL/6J mice were isolated, and were cultured for 24 hours in buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. SDF-1a (120 ng/ml) dependent chemotaxis was determined in viable cells, over 3 hours, using a modified Boyden chamber method. We found a 5 fold decline in migration, in cells depleted of GSH compared to control.

Our data show that GSH is important in the directional migration of BMSC to SDF-1a and indicate that signal transduction pathways initiated by SDF-1a may be redox sensitive. Therefore, in states of chronic oxidative imbalance, stem cell response to SDF-1a may be attenuated slowing tissue regeneration and repair. As nutrition can impact levels of GSH, dietary control of antioxidant status may provide an opportunity to enhance repair and improve recovery in patients with injury.

Classifications
Cellular Mechanisms of Nutritional Modulation in Immunity
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缺乏既真實又深入的教育，我們將難以擁有一個既真實又感人的社會。 [2010-12-24](IR91); 謹以這篇短文當作今年的聖誕節賀卡，寄給我的親朋好友和遠在美國的兒子 湯傑堯

謹以這篇短文當作今年的聖誕節賀卡，寄給我的親朋好友和遠在美國的兒子 湯傑堯 [2010-12-25](IR91)

缺乏既真實又深入的教育，我們將難以擁有一個既真實又感人的社會。 [2010-12-24](IR91)

2010-12-24
短文的標題：
缺乏既真實又深入的教育，我們將難以擁有一個既真實又感人的社會。

短文的內容：
缺乏既真實又深入的教育，一個社會就容易充斥著各種虛偽不實的現象； 因為某些聰明又擁有財富或權勢，但是卻相對比較自私的人，必須不斷地和他(她)自己的良心拔河。僅管他(她)們試圖掩飾或刻意去美化某些事物，但是他(她)們卻無法完全地蒙蔽自己的良心，而他(她)們的所有作為當然也無法欺瞞 具有睿智的人 和 無所不在的神仙 (老天爺、上帝 等等)。

所以我說，也很想對我的兒子 湯傑堯 說： 缺乏既真實又深入的教育，我們將難以擁有一個既真實又溫馨，並且可以讓人感動的社會；身為 湯傑堯 的父親，我希望他能牢牢地記住這個道理，並且要，立志做一個好人，而不止是一個有錢人。

湯偉晉 (WeiJin Tang) 親手原創性地寫作於 西元 2010-12-24

謹以這篇短文當作今年的聖誕節賀卡，寄給我的親朋好友和遠在美國的兒子 湯傑堯。

The role of glutathione in radiation and drug induced cytotoxicity. [1987](IR91){These studies demonstrate that GSH modulation may have a major impact on the cytotoxicity of redox active drugs}.png

December 23, 2010; 06:11:10 p.m. Taipei Time

The role of glutathione in radiation and drug induced cytotoxicity. [1987](IR91).png

The role of glutathione in radiation and drug induced cytotoxicity. [1987](IR91){Diagrammatic representation of the inter-relationship of GSH with other cellular systems.}.png

The role of glutathione in radiation and drug induced cytotoxicity. [1987](IR91){These studies demonstrate that GSH modulation may have a major impact on the cytotoxicity of redox active drugs}.png

Keywords:

Clock, Watch, GSH, glutathione, interaction, mechanism, intricacy, 錯綜複雜的事物（或細節）

Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2 [2010[(IR91)

Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2 [2010[(IR91)

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(Memo Item created on December 16, 2010 07:55 PM)
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Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2

http://www.jbc.org/content/285/22/16582
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First Published on March 23, 2010, doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.090506
May 28, 2010 The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 16582-16587.

Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2 *
Heather M. Brechbuhl‡, Neal Gould§, Remy Kachadourian¶, Wayne R. Riekhof¶, Dennis R. Voelker¶ and Brian J. Day§¶‖**,1
- Author Affiliations

From the Departments of ‖Medicine,
**Immunology, and
§Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
the Departments of ¶Medicine and
‡Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed: National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, CO 80206. Tel.: 303-398-1121; Fax: 303-270-2263; E-mail: dayb@njhealth.org.
Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) transport is vital for maintenance of intracellular and extracellular redox balance. Only a few human proteins have been identified as transporters of GSH, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and/or GSH conjugates (GS-X). Human epithelial MDA1586, A549, H1975, H460, HN4, and H157 cell lines were exposed to 2′,5′-dihydroxychalcone, which induces a GSH efflux response. A real-time gene superarray for 84 proteins found in families that have a known role in GSH, GSSG, and/or GS-X transport was employed to help identify potential GSH transporters. ABCG2 was identified as the only gene in the array that closely corresponded with the magnitude of 2′,5′-dihydroxychalcone (2′,5′-DHC)-induced GSH efflux. The role of human ABCG2 as a novel GSH transporter was verified in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose-inducible gene expression system. Yeast expressing human ABCG2 had 2.5-fold more extracellular GSH compared with those not expressing ABCG2. GSH efflux in ABCG2-expressing yeast was abolished by the ABCG2 substrate methotrexate (10 μM), indicating competitive inhibition. In contrast, 2′,5′-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Our data indicate that ABCG2 is a novel GSH transporter.

ABC Transporter Antioxidant Membrane Proteins Transport Amino Acids Yeast Glutathione
Footnotes

↵* This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants R01 HL084469 (to B. J. D.), R01 HL075523 (to B. J. D), R01 ES0175825, R37-GM32453 (to D. R. V), and 1F32-GM076798 (to W. R. R.). This work was also supported by American Cancer Society Great-West Division Postdoctoral Fellowship Award PF-06-288-01-CSM (to W. R. R.).

↵ The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Experimental Procedures and additional references, Figs. 1–5, and Table 1.

Received December 2, 2009.
Revision received March 23, 2010.
© 2010 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response. [2008](IR91)

ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response. [2008](IR91)

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(Memo Item created on December 16, 2010 10:48 PM)
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ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18370855
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Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2008 Jan;4(1):1-15.
ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response.
Polgar O, Robey RW, Bates SE.
National Cancer Institute, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 13N240, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Abstract
ABCG2 was discovered in multi-drug-resistant cancer cells, with the identification of chemotherapeutic agents, such as mitoxantrone, flavopiridol, methotrexate and irinotecan as substrates. Later, drugs from other therapeutic groups were also described as substrates, including antibiotics, antivirals, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and flavonoids. An expanding list of compounds inhibiting ABCG2 has also been generated. The wide variety of drugs transported by ABCG2 and its normal tissue distribution with highest levels in the placenta (胎盤), intestine and liver, suggest a role in protection against xenobiotics. ABCG2 also has an important role in the pharmacokinetics (藥物動力學) of its substrates. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene were shown to alter either plasma concentrations of substrate drugs or levels of resistance against chemotherapeutic agents in cell lines. ABCG2 was also described as the determinant of the side population of stem cells. All these aspects of the transporter warrant further research aimed at understanding ABCG2's structure, function and regulation of expression.

PMID: 18370855 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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(Memo Item created on December 16, 2010 10:51 PM)
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Common added by WeiJin Tang (湯偉晉)
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Known GSH transporter
Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2

ABCG2 is a GSH transporter

Source; URL of the source or Name of the professional paper:
Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2 [2010[(IR91)
http://www.jbc.org/content/285/22/16582
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(Memo Item created on December 16, 2010 10:56 PM)
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Auxiliary info for understanding this paper
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Pharmacokinetics
藥物動力學
pharmacokinetics (藥物動力學)

The branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body.

The study of the action of drugs in the body: method and rate of excretion; duration of effect; etc.
Source:
wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

large intestine
大腸
small intestine
小腸
intestine
腸子

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