經驗是非常珍貴的 [2009-03-15]

2009-03-15

經驗是非常珍貴的

「經驗，尤其是親身的經驗，是非常珍貴的；這也就是為什麼我們要為後代的子孫保存我們，用自己的時間和生命，所學會的一些既重要又珍貴的點點滴滴。」

湯偉晉 親手寫於 西元 2009-03-15


「凡事豈能盡如人意，但求無愧我心。」

羅積康 學長 在 [師大附中] 的導師，盧毓正 先生，送給他們班上所有同學的臨別贈言。

巴菲特的生活哲學 ~ share with my dear friends; From: Jennifer Wang [2010-12-29]

From: Jennifer Wang

Date: 2010/12/29

Subject: 巴菲特的生活哲學 ~ share with my dear friends

Depletion of glutathione attenuates response of bone marrow stem cells to stromal cell-derived factor -1 [2007](IR93)

Depletion (耗盡) of glutathione (穀胱甘肽) attenuates (減弱) response (反應) of bone marrow stem cells (骨髓幹細胞) to stromal cell (基質細胞)-derived factor -1 [2007](IR93)

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(Memo Item created on December 25, 2010 11:26 PM)
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Depletion of glutathione attenuates response of bone marrow stem cells to stromal cell-derived factor -1

http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/meeting_abstract/21/6/A737-b
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FASEB J.
April 2007
21 (Meeting Abstract Supplement) A737

(The FASEB Journal. 2007;21:702.12)
© 2007 FASEB
702.12
Depletion of glutathione attenuates response of bone marrow stem cells to stromal cell-derived factor -1
Smita Swaminathan Iyer1, Jianguo Xu2, Dean P Jones2, Kenneth Brigham2 and Mauricio Rojas2
1 Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Emory University, 615,Michael Street, 215 Whitehead Bldg, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322,
2 Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 615,Michael Street, 205,Whitehead Bldg, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322

ABSTRACT

In adult organisms, stem cells, found primarily in the bone marrow and in low numbers in other organs, are mobilized to (被調動到) the injured tissue (受傷的組織) where they participate (參與) in the repair process (修復的過程). Stromal cell-derived factor -1a (SDF-1a) is critical for stem cell trafficking (幹細胞之輸送) during injury (損傷, 受傷). Very little is known about how nutrition affects this process. Our objectives were to determine how Glutathione (GSH) depletion, observed with aging and in numerous chronic disease states, affects the functional response of bone marrow cells to SDF-1a.

Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) from 8 week old C57BL/6J mice were isolated, and were cultured for 24 hours in buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis. SDF-1a (120 ng/ml) dependent chemotaxis was determined in viable cells, over 3 hours, using a modified Boyden chamber method. We found a 5 fold decline in migration, in cells depleted of GSH compared to control.

Our data show that GSH is important in the directional migration of BMSC to SDF-1a and indicate that signal transduction pathways initiated by SDF-1a may be redox sensitive. Therefore, in states of chronic oxidative imbalance, stem cell response to SDF-1a may be attenuated slowing tissue regeneration and repair. As nutrition can impact levels of GSH, dietary control of antioxidant status may provide an opportunity to enhance repair and improve recovery in patients with injury.

Classifications
Cellular Mechanisms of Nutritional Modulation in Immunity
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缺乏既真實又深入的教育，我們將難以擁有一個既真實又感人的社會。 [2010-12-24](IR91); 謹以這篇短文當作今年的聖誕節賀卡，寄給我的親朋好友和遠在美國的兒子 湯傑堯

謹以這篇短文當作今年的聖誕節賀卡，寄給我的親朋好友和遠在美國的兒子 湯傑堯 [2010-12-25](IR91)

缺乏既真實又深入的教育，我們將難以擁有一個既真實又感人的社會。 [2010-12-24](IR91)

2010-12-24
短文的標題：
缺乏既真實又深入的教育，我們將難以擁有一個既真實又感人的社會。

短文的內容：
缺乏既真實又深入的教育，一個社會就容易充斥著各種虛偽不實的現象； 因為某些聰明又擁有財富或權勢，但是卻相對比較自私的人，必須不斷地和他(她)自己的良心拔河。僅管他(她)們試圖掩飾或刻意去美化某些事物，但是他(她)們卻無法完全地蒙蔽自己的良心，而他(她)們的所有作為當然也無法欺瞞 具有睿智的人 和 無所不在的神仙 (老天爺、上帝 等等)。

所以我說，也很想對我的兒子 湯傑堯 說： 缺乏既真實又深入的教育，我們將難以擁有一個既真實又溫馨，並且可以讓人感動的社會；身為 湯傑堯 的父親，我希望他能牢牢地記住這個道理，並且要，立志做一個好人，而不止是一個有錢人。

湯偉晉 (WeiJin Tang) 親手原創性地寫作於 西元 2010-12-24

謹以這篇短文當作今年的聖誕節賀卡，寄給我的親朋好友和遠在美國的兒子 湯傑堯。

The role of glutathione in radiation and drug induced cytotoxicity. [1987](IR91){These studies demonstrate that GSH modulation may have a major impact on the cytotoxicity of redox active drugs}.png

December 23, 2010; 06:11:10 p.m. Taipei Time

The role of glutathione in radiation and drug induced cytotoxicity. [1987](IR91).png

The role of glutathione in radiation and drug induced cytotoxicity. [1987](IR91){Diagrammatic representation of the inter-relationship of GSH with other cellular systems.}.png

The role of glutathione in radiation and drug induced cytotoxicity. [1987](IR91){These studies demonstrate that GSH modulation may have a major impact on the cytotoxicity of redox active drugs}.png

Keywords:

Clock, Watch, GSH, glutathione, interaction, mechanism, intricacy, 錯綜複雜的事物（或細節）

Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2 [2010[(IR91)

Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2 [2010[(IR91)

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Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2

http://www.jbc.org/content/285/22/16582
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First Published on March 23, 2010, doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.090506
May 28, 2010 The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 16582-16587.

Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2 *
Heather M. Brechbuhl‡, Neal Gould§, Remy Kachadourian¶, Wayne R. Riekhof¶, Dennis R. Voelker¶ and Brian J. Day§¶‖**,1
- Author Affiliations

From the Departments of ‖Medicine,
**Immunology, and
§Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
the Departments of ¶Medicine and
‡Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed: National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St., Denver, CO 80206. Tel.: 303-398-1121; Fax: 303-270-2263; E-mail: dayb@njhealth.org.
Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) transport is vital for maintenance of intracellular and extracellular redox balance. Only a few human proteins have been identified as transporters of GSH, glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and/or GSH conjugates (GS-X). Human epithelial MDA1586, A549, H1975, H460, HN4, and H157 cell lines were exposed to 2′,5′-dihydroxychalcone, which induces a GSH efflux response. A real-time gene superarray for 84 proteins found in families that have a known role in GSH, GSSG, and/or GS-X transport was employed to help identify potential GSH transporters. ABCG2 was identified as the only gene in the array that closely corresponded with the magnitude of 2′,5′-dihydroxychalcone (2′,5′-DHC)-induced GSH efflux. The role of human ABCG2 as a novel GSH transporter was verified in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose-inducible gene expression system. Yeast expressing human ABCG2 had 2.5-fold more extracellular GSH compared with those not expressing ABCG2. GSH efflux in ABCG2-expressing yeast was abolished by the ABCG2 substrate methotrexate (10 μM), indicating competitive inhibition. In contrast, 2′,5′-DHC treatment of ABCG2-expressing yeast increased extracellular GSH levels in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum 3.5-fold increase in GSH after 24 h. In addition, suppression of ABCG2 with short hairpin RNA or ABCG2 overexpression in human epithelial cells decreased or increased extracellular GSH levels, respectively. Our data indicate that ABCG2 is a novel GSH transporter.

ABC Transporter Antioxidant Membrane Proteins Transport Amino Acids Yeast Glutathione
Footnotes

↵* This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grants R01 HL084469 (to B. J. D.), R01 HL075523 (to B. J. D), R01 ES0175825, R37-GM32453 (to D. R. V), and 1F32-GM076798 (to W. R. R.). This work was also supported by American Cancer Society Great-West Division Postdoctoral Fellowship Award PF-06-288-01-CSM (to W. R. R.).

↵ The on-line version of this article (available at http://www.jbc.org) contains supplemental Experimental Procedures and additional references, Figs. 1–5, and Table 1.

Received December 2, 2009.
Revision received March 23, 2010.
© 2010 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response. [2008](IR91)

ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response. [2008](IR91)

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ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18370855
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Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2008 Jan;4(1):1-15.
ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response.
Polgar O, Robey RW, Bates SE.
National Cancer Institute, Medical Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Room 13N240, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Abstract
ABCG2 was discovered in multi-drug-resistant cancer cells, with the identification of chemotherapeutic agents, such as mitoxantrone, flavopiridol, methotrexate and irinotecan as substrates. Later, drugs from other therapeutic groups were also described as substrates, including antibiotics, antivirals, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and flavonoids. An expanding list of compounds inhibiting ABCG2 has also been generated. The wide variety of drugs transported by ABCG2 and its normal tissue distribution with highest levels in the placenta (胎盤), intestine and liver, suggest a role in protection against xenobiotics. ABCG2 also has an important role in the pharmacokinetics (藥物動力學) of its substrates. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the gene were shown to alter either plasma concentrations of substrate drugs or levels of resistance against chemotherapeutic agents in cell lines. ABCG2 was also described as the determinant of the side population of stem cells. All these aspects of the transporter warrant further research aimed at understanding ABCG2's structure, function and regulation of expression.

PMID: 18370855 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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(Memo Item created on December 16, 2010 10:51 PM)
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Common added by WeiJin Tang (湯偉晉)
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Known GSH transporter
Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2

ABCG2 is a GSH transporter

Source; URL of the source or Name of the professional paper:
Glutathione Transport Is a Unique Function of the ATP-binding Cassette Protein ABCG2 [2010[(IR91)
http://www.jbc.org/content/285/22/16582
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(Memo Item created on December 16, 2010 10:56 PM)
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Auxiliary info for understanding this paper
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Pharmacokinetics
藥物動力學
pharmacokinetics (藥物動力學)

The branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body.

The study of the action of drugs in the body: method and rate of excretion; duration of effect; etc.
Source:
wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

large intestine
大腸
small intestine
小腸
intestine
腸子

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Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione [1987](IR92)

Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione [1987](IR92)

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(Memo Item created on November 15, 2010 11:01 AM)
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Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione

http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/short/63/1/152

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J Appl Physiol 63: 152-157, 1987; 8750-7587/87 $5.00

Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 63, Issue 1 152-157, Copyright © 1987 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione

A. M. Cantin, S. L. North, R. C. Hubbard and R. G. Crystal

The epithelial cells on the alveolar surface of the human lower respiratory tract are vulnerable to toxic oxidants derived from inhaled pollutants or inflammatory cells. Although these lung cells have intracellular antioxidants, these defenses may be insufficient to protect the epithelial surface against oxidants present at the alveolar surface. This study demonstrates that the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lower respiratory tract contains large amounts of the sulfhydryl-containing antioxidant glutathione (GSH). The total glutathione (the reduced form GSH and the disulfide GSSG) concentration of normal ELF was 140-fold higher than that in plasma of the same individuals, and 96% of the glutathione in ELF was in the reduced form. Compared with nonsmokers, cigarette smokers had 80% higher levels of ELF total glutathione, 98% of which was in the reduced form. Studies of cultured lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts demonstrated that these concentrations of reduced glutathione were sufficient to protect these cells against the burden of H2O2 in the range released by alveolar macrophages removed from the lower respiratory tract of nonsmokers and smokers, respectively, suggesting that the glutathione present in the alveolar ELF of normal individuals likely contributes to the protective screen against oxidants in the extracellular milieu of the lower respiratory tract.

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Vitamin C augments lymphocyte glutathione in subjects with ascorbate deficiency
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Idiopathic Pneumonia after Marrow Transplantation: When Are Antioxidants Effective?
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Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome after Syngeneic Bone Marrow Transplant in Mice
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A Small Molecule Inhibitor of Redox-Regulated NF-{kappa}B and Activator Protein-1 Transcription Blocks Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Asthma Model
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gamma -Glutamyl transferase deficiency results in lung oxidant stress in normoxia
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The Adaptive Response of Smokers to Oxidative Stress: Moving from Culture to Tissue
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Diminished Immunoreactivity of {gamma}-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase in the Airways of Smokers' Lung
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Antioxidant responses to oxidant-mediated lung diseases
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Oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to lung toxicity after a common breast cancer chemotherapy regimen
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Glutathione and other low-molecular-weight thiols relax guinea pig trachea ex vivo: interactions with nitric oxide?
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The Reactivity and Oxidation Pathway of Cysteine 232 in Recombinant Human alpha 1-Antitrypsin
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Molecular Mechanism of Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-beta 1-induced Glutathione Depletion in Alveolar Epithelial Cells. INVOLVEMENT OF AP-1/ARE AND Fra-1
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How Acidopneic Is My Patient? A New Question in the Pulmonary Laboratory
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Tissue Lipid Peroxidation and Reduced Glutathione Depletion in Hypochlorite-Induced Lung Injury
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Cell specific expression of peroxiredoxins in human lung and pulmonary sarcoidosis
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Oxidative interactions of synthetic lung epithelial lining fluid with metal-containing particulate matter
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Effects of oxidant stress on inflammation and survival of iNOS knockout mice after marrow transplantation
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Human SLPI inactivation after cigarette smoke exposure in a new in vivo model of pulmonary oxidative stress
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Antioxidant imbalance in the lungs of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein mutant mice
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Interstitial lung disease induced by exogenous agents: factors governing susceptibility
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Selectivity properties of a Na-dependent amino acid cotransport system in adult alveolar epithelial cells
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Ozone, But Not Nitrogen Dioxide, Exposure Decreases Glutathione Peroxidases in Epithelial Lining Fluid of Human Lung
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Microtubule-driven self-assembly (自我組裝的) of the Dam1 kinetochore ring. [2010-11-03](IR92)

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(Memo Item created on November 3, 2010 08:59 PM)
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Microtubule-driven self-assembly of the Dam1 kinetochore ring.
Microtubule-driven self-assembly (自我組裝的) of the Dam1 kinetochore ring. [2010-11-03](IR92)

http://mcb.berkeley.edu/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=172
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley
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Microtubule-driven self-assembly of the Dam1 kinetochore ring.

The yeast kinetochore complex Dam1 self-assembles around microtubules forming rings that can diffuse on the microtubule lattice and harvest the energy of microtubule disassembly to move processively towards the poles during anaphase.

(These studies are being carried out as a collaboration of three MCB faculty members: Georjana Barnes, David Drubin and Eva Nogales)

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Gene Expression and Thiol Redox State [2002](IR91)

Gene Expression and Thiol Redox State

By CAROLE KRETZ-REMY and ANDRE-PATRICK ARRIGO

Introduction

Cells have developed sophisticated mechanisms to maintain redox state homeostasis and/or to try to cope with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during oxidative stress. 1'2 These mechanisms either scavenge and/or detoxify ROS, block their production, or sequester transition metals that are a source of free electrons. They include detoxifing enzymes, vitamins C and E, or thiol-containing molecules such as glutathione or thioredoxin. Glutathione exists in either a reduced (GSH) or an oxidized (glutathione disulfide, GSSG) form and participates in redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active thiol. In addition, it acts as a coenzyme of numerous enzymes involved in cell defense (i.e., glutathione peroxidases, glutathione S-transferases, thiol transferases, formaldehyde dehydrogenase,

Gene Expression and Thiol Redox State [2002](IR91).png

Extracellular Redox Modulation by Regulatory T Cells [2009](IR91)

October 29, 2010; 00:09:50 a.m. Taipei Time

Extracellular Redox Modulation by Regulatory T Cells [2009](IR91) 01.png

Extracellular Redox Modulation by Regulatory T Cells [2009](IR91){Mechanism of extracellular cysteine accumulation}(full view)[2010-10-25].png

Extracellular Redox Modulation by Regulatory T Cells [2009](IR91){Mechanism of extracellular cysteine accumulation}.png

Keywords:
immune synapse
免疫突觸
immune synapse (免疫突觸)
免疫突觸 (immune synapse)

湯偉晉在收集什麼東西? [2010-09-18]

湯偉晉在收集什麼東西? [2010-09-18]

2010-08-18
短文的標題:
「 湯偉晉在收集什麼東西? 」

短文的內容:
湯偉晉在收集 有智慧和價值的話語或文字。 因為有價值或智慧的一段文字或一段話, 很有可能會在一個完全意想不到的心境時空裡, 在無意之間, 正面地去影響了一個人的心境、念頭或者甚至是他的人生價值觀, 而讓這個人以及這個世界能夠變得更美好。然而, 在推動那樣的改變之後, 蘊藏在這段文字或話語之中, 那更深層的意義和動人心弦的力量, 卻絲毫沒有減損, 仍然歷久彌新, 直到永遠。也因此, 我喜歡收藏, 並且和所有的人一起分享, 這些具有智慧和價值的話語或文字, 因為它們的的確確是無價之寶, 具有真實的力量和永恆的價值。

有一首基督教的詩歌 祢的話語 是這樣地唱著:

我將祢的話語 深藏在我心, 免得我得罪祢, 免得我遠離。 哦! 主啊! 與我親近, 我愛祢聲音, 作我腳前的燈, 作我路上的光。 天地將要過去, 祢的話卻長存, 天地將毀壞, 祢的話卻長新。

我將祢的話語 深藏在我心, 免得我得罪祢, 免得我遠離。 哦! 主啊! 與我親近, 我愛祢聲音, 作我腳前的燈, 作我路上的光。

湯偉晉 (WeiJin Tang) 親手逐字地寫於 西元 2010-08-18

TextOnImage_湯偉晉在收集什麼東西_[2010-09-18]_[2010-09-10].gif