Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione [1987](IR92)

Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione [1987](IR92)

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Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione

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J Appl Physiol 63: 152-157, 1987; 8750-7587/87 $5.00

Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol 63, Issue 1 152-157, Copyright © 1987 by American Physiological Society

ARTICLES

Normal alveolar epithelial lining fluid contains high levels of glutathione

A. M. Cantin, S. L. North, R. C. Hubbard and R. G. Crystal

The epithelial cells on the alveolar surface of the human lower respiratory tract are vulnerable to toxic oxidants derived from inhaled pollutants or inflammatory cells. Although these lung cells have intracellular antioxidants, these defenses may be insufficient to protect the epithelial surface against oxidants present at the alveolar surface. This study demonstrates that the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lower respiratory tract contains large amounts of the sulfhydryl-containing antioxidant glutathione (GSH). The total glutathione (the reduced form GSH and the disulfide GSSG) concentration of normal ELF was 140-fold higher than that in plasma of the same individuals, and 96% of the glutathione in ELF was in the reduced form. Compared with nonsmokers, cigarette smokers had 80% higher levels of ELF total glutathione, 98% of which was in the reduced form. Studies of cultured lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts demonstrated that these concentrations of reduced glutathione were sufficient to protect these cells against the burden of H2O2 in the range released by alveolar macrophages removed from the lower respiratory tract of nonsmokers and smokers, respectively, suggesting that the glutathione present in the alveolar ELF of normal individuals likely contributes to the protective screen against oxidants in the extracellular milieu of the lower respiratory tract.

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Microtubule-driven self-assembly (自我組裝的) of the Dam1 kinetochore ring. [2010-11-03](IR92)

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(Memo Item created on November 3, 2010 08:59 PM)
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Microtubule-driven self-assembly of the Dam1 kinetochore ring.
Microtubule-driven self-assembly (自我組裝的) of the Dam1 kinetochore ring. [2010-11-03](IR92)

http://mcb.berkeley.edu/gallery2/main.php?g2_itemId=172
Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley
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Microtubule-driven self-assembly of the Dam1 kinetochore ring.

The yeast kinetochore complex Dam1 self-assembles around microtubules forming rings that can diffuse on the microtubule lattice and harvest the energy of microtubule disassembly to move processively towards the poles during anaphase.

(These studies are being carried out as a collaboration of three MCB faculty members: Georjana Barnes, David Drubin and Eva Nogales)

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